Epistemic Orientation

 Chatgpt -- many fictional characters embody exactly this impulse: compulsive decoding, orienting themselves through clues, languages, symbols, maps, and hidden systems. Some are detectives, but others are wanderers, archivists, scholars, or anxious observers trying to make the world legible.

A few especially close to what you described:

• Sherlock Holmes
  Notices tiny environmental clues constantly: mud, handwriting, accents, cigarette ash, train schedules, regional details. The world is readable if one pays attention.
• Robert Langdon
  Almost entirely driven by semiotics — symbols, architecture, scripts, hidden meanings, historical layering. A very “everything is a clue” mindset.
• Lisbeth Salander
  Hypervigilant pattern assembler. Information gathering is both power and emotional regulation.
• Adrian Monk
  A more anxiety-centered version of this. Disorder and uncertainty create distress; observation and categorization restore calm.
• Hermione Granger
  Uses knowledge acquisition as stabilization. When confronted with uncertainty, she researches compulsively.
• The Doctor
  Reads cultures, scripts, technologies, histories instantly; curiosity and orientation are inseparable.
• Spock
  Processes unfamiliar environments by systematic classification and linguistic decoding.
• Hari Seldon
  Treats civilization itself as something legible through patterns.
• Aomame and many protagonists from Haruki Murakami novels
  Exist in states of estrangement where tiny signs and details become psychologically charged clues.

There are also characters whose relationship to language itself resembles what you said:

• Arrival's Louise Banks
  Language learning becomes a way of restructuring reality and reducing alienness.
• Professor Henry Higgins
  Identifies people through accent and linguistic detail instantly.
• Milo Thatch
  Driven by scripts, lost languages, translation, and the desire to decode forgotten worlds.
• Indiana Jones
  Archaeological clue-chasing mixed with linguistic and symbolic interpretation.

A particularly close match to your description may actually be characters from works about archives, maps, and interpretation rather than classic detectives:

• The Name of the Rose
  A whole world where manuscripts, symbols, languages, and tiny clues create psychological orientation.
• Foucault's Pendulum
  About the intoxicating tendency to connect everything into hidden systems.
• The Rings of Saturn
  A wandering associative consciousness where every object triggers historical and linguistic excavation.
• Invisible Cities
  Cities become semiotic puzzles and emotional maps.

What you describe also resembles a certain kind of “scholar-adventurer” archetype:

• someone uncomfortable with opacity,
• compelled to annotate the world,
• using language and clues to domesticate strangeness.

In fiction, this trait often overlaps with:

• detectives,
• archivists,
• codebreakers,
• anthropologists,
• librarians,
• cartographers,
• conspiracy theorists,
• translators.

Because all of them transform uncertainty into interpretable structure.